The Rise of Religious Extremism in Afghanistan, a historical lens

Irfan Yar 

Introduction:
This chapter explores the historical and socio-political evolution of religious extremism in Afghanistan, tracing its roots from the Soviet invasion to the post-Taliban era. It examines how local and external actors—including regional powers and global jihadist networks—have contributed to the radicalization of Afghan society. The paper also unpacks the complex relationship between religion, politics, and tribal identity, shedding light on how extremist ideologies have been manipulated for power consolidation. Based on both field observations and scholarly analysis, this chapter offers a compelling and nuanced understanding of a phenomenon that continues to shape Afghanistan’s internal dynamics and its role in global security.